Problem 57: Square root convergents

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It is possible to show that the square root of two can be expressed as an infinite continued fraction.

$\sqrt 2 =1+ \frac 1 {2+ \frac 1 {2 +\frac 1 {2+ \dots}}}$

By expanding this for the first four iterations, we get:

$1 + \frac 1 2 = \frac 32 = 1.5$

$1 + \frac 1 {2 + \frac 1 2} = \frac 7 5 = 1.4$

$1 + \frac 1 {2 + \frac 1 {2+\frac 1 2}} = \frac {17}{12} = 1.41666 \dots$

$1 + \frac 1 {2 + \frac 1 {2+\frac 1 {2+\frac 1 2}}} = \frac {41}{29} = 1.41379 \dots$

The next three expansions are $\frac {99}{70}$, $\frac {239}{169}$, and $\frac {577}{408}$, but the eighth expansion, $\frac {1393}{985}$, is the first example where the number of digits in the numerator exceeds the number of digits in the denominator.

In the first n expansions, how many fractions contain a numerator with more digits than denominator?

Test

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